Interdependence: Cellular Respiration and Pic

INTERDEPENDENCE IN NATURE Many of the relationships between organisms in nature are those of dependence. Whether it be a deer breathing oxygen produced by a nearby tree or a tick sucking the blood of its unsuspecting host, every organism depends on some other organism in some way. pic Molecules and Cells Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration picPhotosynthesis is the process by which autotrophs convert solar energy into the chemical perplex energy of glucose (C6H12O6). CO2 + 12H2O + solar energy - C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2 picCellular respiration is the process by which autotrophs and heterotrophs convert the chemical puzzle energy of glucose into the usable bond energy of adenosine triphosphate. Aerobic Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 - 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP anaerobiotic Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 - 2 EtOH + 2CO2 + 2 ATP (Alcoholic Fermentation) C6H12O6 - 2 Lactic acidic + 2 ATP (Lactic Acid Fermentation) The oxygen by-product of photosynthesis is used in aerobic cellular res piration by whole aerobic organisms.Carbon dioxide (CO2) is released following aerobic cellular respiration and alcoholic fermentation (one form of anaerobiotic cellular respiration) and is then used by autotrophs during photosynthesis. Thus, these are reciprocal processes. Glucose is produced by autotrophs during photosynthesis. Both autotrophs and heterotrophs break tear down the glucose to form ATP during cellular respiration. Energy, therefore, is transferred between the autotrophic and heterotrophic levels. Autotrophs are helpless upon heterotrophs only for CO2. on the whole heterotrophs are dependent, either directly or indirectly, on autotrophs for energy, but only aerobic heterotrophs are dependent on autotrophs for oxygen (O2. ) pic Enzymes and Substrates picThe rate at which a reaction occurs is dependent upon the concentration and/or mountain of enzymes and the concentration and/or volume of substratums. Water picEvery organism in nature is dependent on piddle for survival because all chemical reactions take place in water. pic Heredity and Evolution Sporophyte and Gametophyte Generations picIn mosses, the sporophyte grows directly surface of and becomes nutritionally dependent on the gametophyte. Flowers and Their Pollinators picFlowers depend upon pollinators for the success of their reproductive cycles and insects depend upon flowers for nectar. Phenotypes picThe characteristics of an organism are obstinate both by the combination of its genes as well as the organisms environment. (multifactorial inheritance) pic Organisms and Populations Symbiotic Relationships picSymbiosis is any relationship between individuals of two different species.There are several types of symbiotic relationships ? Cooperation both individuals benefit, but are single-handed of each other ex oxtail birds and gnus The gnu is covered with tiny parasites that provide the bird with food and in return, the oxtail bird keeps the gnu free of parasites. ? Mutualis m both individuals benefit and are dependent upon one another ex lichen = alga and fungus The alga performs photosynthesis and the fungus absorbs water and minerals as well as provides anchorage. Commensalism one indvidual benefits and the other is unswayed ex barnacles attach themselves to marine mammals such as manatees and whales picpic The marine mammals provide a moving substrate on which the barnacles may attach while the mammals remain unaffected. ? Amensalism one individual is harmed and the other is unaffected ex Spanish moss Spanish moss grows on trees and chokes out virtually all light going to the tree.While the Spanish moss remains unaffected, the tree does not receive enough light to perform an adequate amount of photosynthesis to survive. ? ambition both individuals are harmed ex rabbit and a mouse picpic The rabbit and the mouse compete for the equal herbaceous plants. ? Predation one individual benefits and the other is harmed ex coyotes preying on rabbits ? Parasitism one individual benefits and the other is harmed ex a leech sucking the blood of its human host Pollution picWith the increasing industrial enterprise of the world, comes much pollution. Fossil fuel burning has released tremendous amounts of CO2 into the airwave. This excess of CO2 in the atmosphere traps solar energy in the form of heat. This effect is called the Greenhouse Effect. In addition, deforestation of the tropical rainforests has decreased the sink for CO2, thus augmenting the situation. The subsequent increase in atmospheric temperature is known as global warming. picSulfur and north oxides are produced almost exclusively by human activities.The combination of these compounds with water vapor in the air, creates acid. Acid rain has far-reaching effects on all aspects of life. Not only does acid rain severely disparage the leaves of plants, but it also changes the pH of bodies of water. Such drastic changes gravely affect life. pic pic picpic picpicpic p icpicpicpic picpicpicpic picpic About This Site depository library FAQ 7,000+ sites by kids for kids pic Privacy Policy Terms of Use picpic